Research Article

Metamaterials: The early years in the USA

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

^* e-mail: ziolkowski@ece.arizona.edu; ziolkows@email.arizona.edu

Received: 11 February 2014
Accepted: 6 May 2014
Published online: 8 July 2014

Abstract

Metamaterials are artificial materials formed by embedding highly subwavelength inclusions in a host medium, which yield homogenized permittivity and permeability values. By design they offer the promise of exotic physics responses not generally available with naturally occurring materials, as well as the ability to tailor their properties to specific applications. The initial years of discovery emphasized confirming many of their exotic properties and exploring their actual potential for science and engineering applications. These seed efforts have born the sweet fruit enjoyed by the current generation of metamaterials scientists and engineers. This review will emphasize the initial investigative forays in the USA that supported and encouraged the development of the metamaterials era and the subsequent recognition that they do have significant advantages for practical applications.