Open Access
Issue
EPJ Appl. Metamat.
Volume 13, 2026
Article Number 15
Number of page(s) 11
DOI https://doi.org/10.1051/epjam/2026004
Published online 19 June 2026

Supplementary Material

Fig S1 Preparation of HEA ribbons.

Fig S2 Three-dimensional bistatic RCS distributions at 15.6 GHz for the l = −3 MLCGP metasurface and at 15.3 GHz for the l = −5 MLCGP metasurface.

Fig S3 Near-field characteristics of the multilayer vortex metasurface. Electric field amplitude distributions in the near-field region for the multilayer vortex metasurfaces with l = −3 and l = −5.

Fig S4 Three-dimensional far-field radiation patterns for the multilayer vortex metasurfaces with l = −3 and l = −5.

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© Z. Hao et al., Published by EDP Sciences, 2026

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