Fig. 24
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Vehicle applications of auxetic metamaterials. (a) 3D NPR crash box [121]. (b) The design and components of the battery pack [122]. (c) NPR structural buffer used in the automobile suspension frame system [123,124]. (d) Non-pneumatic tire with double-arrow NPR structure [26]. (e) Non-pneumatic tire with anti-tetrachiral NPR structure for mechanical design and performance [125].
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