Towards omnidirectional, large scale, full polarization, and broadband practical invisibility cloaks: challenges and progress

Open Access

Table 1.

Properties of experimentally realized electromagnetic cloaks

Reference	Broad band	Air background	Phase preservation	Omnidirectivity	Full polarization	Object independence	Operational frequency	Size of objects
Ref. [72] (2009)	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Microwave	~0.25 λ
Ref. [24] (2006)	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Microwave	~1.5 λ
Ref. [31] (2009)	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Microwave	4.4 λ
Ref. [42] (2009)	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Microwave	~0.5 λ
Ref. [43] (2009) Ref. [44] (2009)	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Optical	~0.3 λ
Ref. [52] (2010)	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Optical	~0.7 λ
Ref. [53] (2010)	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Microwave	~0.5 λ
Ref. [45] (2011)	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Terahertz	~0.4 λ
Ref. [49] (2013)	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Microwave	~0.24 λ
Ref. [65] (2011)	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Optical	~1.2 λ
Ref. [66] (2011)	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Microwave	~1 λ
Ref. [78] (2012)	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Microwave	1 λ
Ref. [77] (2013)	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Microwave	~1.2 λ
Ref. [67] (2013)	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Microwave	~10 λ
Ref. [62] (2012)	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Terahertz	~100 λ
Ref. [61] (2011) Ref. [60] (2011)	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Optical	~3.5 × 10³λ
Ref. [68] (2012)	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Optical	~5 × 10³λ
Ref. [71] (2013)	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Optical	~5 × 10⁵λ

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