Open Access

Table 1

The comparative advantages of different AI models in terms of training data requirements, computational costs, and generalization capabilities.

Model type Training Data Requirement Computational Cost Generalization Capability Primary Application Scenarios
Transformer High High Strong Sequential/spectral data, long-range dependency modeling
CNN Medium Medium Medium Image/structural data, local feature extraction
VAE Medium-High Medium-High Strong Latent space modeling, generating diverse structures
GAN High High Medium High-fidelity image/structure generation

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