The design and simulation of the proposed BST programmable metasurface. (a) Structure of the designed meta-atom and bias network, and the specific parameters are P₁ = 200 μm, l₁ = 95 μm, l₂ = 128 μm, l₃ = 70 μm, and l₄ = 85 μm. (b) and (c) The simulated amplitude and phase response curves of the meta-atom when the dielectric constant “ɛ” of the BST film is 180, 195, 210, and 225, respectively. The calculated and simulated far-field scattering patterns of the proposed BST programmable metasurface when the coding sequence is (d) “11001100110” and (e) “11100011100”. (f) The calculated far-field scattering patterns for different coding sequences. The curves (1)-(6) correspond to the calculated reflection angle of 0°, ±10°, ±20°, ±30°, ±40°, and ±50°, respectively.